The mean erect length was 6.21 inches (15.77 cm). Colleagues at the Kinsey Institute later published frequency distributions for the data (Gebhard & Johnson, 1979), and in 1988 Jamison and Gebhard published descriptive statistics for 2,770 Caucasian men aged 20–59. Kinsey did not include these data in his 1948 book. It began with data collected by Alfred Kinsey and colleagues (Kinsey, Pomeroy, & Martin, 1948), who asked men to measure the length of their erect penis (on the top from the abdomen to the tip) and then mail the results to the researchers. These include a focus on the penis throughout history as the symbol of masculinity (Friedman, 2001), the popular media (Lehman, 1993 Owen & Campbell, 2018), pornography and erotic literature with their emphasis on large penises (Brennan, 2018 Cranney, 2015 Mondaini et al., 2002 Sharp & Oates, 2019 Zilbergeld, 1978, pp. There are several influences on men’s beliefs about penis size. Studies of penis length that relied on self-reports
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The primary sources for the review were Medline and Social Sciences with Full Text (1975 to present), using “penis” as the key search word. By including flawed studies, therapists may better address false beliefs by clients based on those studies. The purpose of not excluding other studies is two-fold: (1) to point out the methodological flaws in many studies that contributed to men’s false beliefs that the average-size erect penis is 6+ inches (15.24+ cm) in length, and (2) based on better conducted studies, to estimate within a small range of values the actual mean length of an erect penis. Only studies of abnormalities of the penis, or of children, were excluded.
The review includes 10 studies that relied on self-reported measurements, 11 studies in which researchers measured erect penises, and 22 studies in which researchers measured stretched penises (see Table 1). This paper reviews all known studies of measurements of erect or stretched penis length. Most men believe that the average erect penis is over 6 inches (15.24 cm) in length, and for many their ideal penis length is considerably longer than that (Johnston et al., 2014). As a result, 45–68.3% of men wish they had a larger penis (Lever et al., 2006 Tiggemann et al., 2008). They equate penis size with sexual competence and masculinity (Morrison et al., 2005 Tiggemann et al., 2008 Wylie & Eardley, 2007).
Studies find that many men have concerns that their penis is not large enough and that they are smaller relative to other men (Johnston, McLellan, & McKinlay, 2014 Lee, 1996 Lever, Frederick, & Peplau, 2006 Morrison, Bearden, Ellis, & Harriman, 2005 Tiggemann, Martins, & Churchett, 2008). Counseling with factual information about penis size might be effective in alleviating concerns for the majority of men who worry about having a small penis. Most men seeking surgery have normal sized penises. These surgeries are considered by the American Urological Association to be risky. Studies show that a majority of men wish they were larger, with some choosing penile lengthening surgery.
Based on these studies, the average length of an erect penis is between 5.1 and 5.5 inches (12.95–13.97 cm), but after taking volunteer bias into account, it is probably toward the lower end of this range. For 21 studies in which researchers measured stretched penises, the mean was approximately 5.11 inches (12.98 cm n = 13,719). In this review, the combined mean for 10 studies in which researchers took measurements of erect penises was 5.36 inches (13.61 cm n = 1,629). These studies suffered from both volunteer bias and social desirability bias. This belief is due, in part, to several often-cited studies that relied on self-reported measurements, with means of about 6.2 inches (15.75 cm) for heterosexual men and even greater for gay men. Most men believe that the average length of an erect penis is greater than 6 inches (15.24 cm).